巢湖沉积植硅体组合及中全新世以来的环境演变   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

范斌  许世远  俞立中  蒋辉  冉莉华 《湖泊科学》2006,18(3):273-279

尽管以前对眼虫进行过大量的形态发育研究和基于核糖体RNA基因的系统发育分析,但对于株系之间的关系仍然知之甚少．因其形态特征有限并且易变,很难鉴定眼虫的相似种和同种内不同的株．作者利用微卫星DNA指纹图谱,在七株眼虫中扩增了七个微卫星DNA位点,成功扩增的六个微卫星引物都得到了四到八个条带．从微卫星DNA指纹图谱计算得到的相似性系数范围从0．000到0．957．根据相似性系数得到的树状结构,七株眼虫在距离为0．9346处分为三支:E．mutabilis,E．intermedia和E．gracilis．其中,五株E．gracilis分为两组:来自日本的和美国的．不同地区的株得到不同的基因型,并初步分析了它们之间的关系．研究表明七株眼虫根据微卫星DNA指纹图谱被明显区分开．微卫星DNA指纹图谱具有很高的分辨率,是鉴定和区分原生动物相似种和同种内不同株的一种有用的新方法．  相似文献   

Biotic drivers of river and floodplain geomorphology – New molecular methods for assessing present‐day and past biota          下载免费PDF全文

Annegret Larsen  Nadir Alvarez  Christoph Sperisen  Stuart N. Lane 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(1):333-338

Geomorphology has increasingly considered the role of biotic factors as controls upon geomorphic processes across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Where timescales are long (centennial and longer), it has been possible to quantify relationships between geomorphic processes and vegetation using, for example, the pollen record. However, where the biotic agents are fauna, longer term reconstruction of the impacts of biological activity upon geomorphic processes is more challenging. Here, we review the prospect of using environmental DNA as a molecular proxy to decipher the presence and nature of faunal influences on geomorphic processes in both present and ancient deposits. When used appropriately, this method has the potential to improve our understanding of biotic drivers of geomorphic processes, notably fauna, over long timescales and so to reconstruct how such drivers might explain the landscape as we see it today. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

鄱阳湖流域蚌类环境DNA宏条形码引物的筛选验证   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈金萍  周春花  欧阳珊  黄晓晨  吴小平 《湖泊科学》2021,33(4):1254-1264

环境DNA技术是一种非侵入、高灵敏、高效率且对环境无破坏性,对生物体无损伤的调查工具.为了筛选适合于蚌类环境DNA生物多样性研究的宏条形码引物,本研究通过对鄱阳湖流域24种常见蚌的基因组DNA进行普通扩增和高通量测序筛选了11对引物(设计了9对通用引物及从相关文献中引用了2对引物),结果显示引物cyt b和16S rRNA具有良好的扩增效果和高辨别度.进一步用环境样本(n=6)并结合传统采样技术对这2对引物进行验证,结果表明:使用引物16S rRNA共注释到蚌科物种6属8种,蚌科物种序列占总序列数的26.69%;而使用引物cyt b共注释到蚌科物种4属6种,蚌科物种序列占总序列数的6.60%.引物16S rRNA更适合用于蚌类环境DNA生物多样性研究的宏条形码引物.在生物多样性监测中环境DNA技术可以作为传统方法的有效补充,且同时使用多对引物,可增加可信度和检测率.  相似文献   

大弹涂鱼自然种群遗传多样性的RAPD分析   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

金春华  钟爱华  黄福勇  张春丹  李明云 《海洋科学》2004,28(12):26-30

2002年9月以采自浙江宁海三门湾海区的大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris L．)为材料,对大弹涂鱼自然种群的遗传多样性进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析,20个引物共扩增出100个DNA片段,多态位点比例(P)为21％,任意两个个体间遗传相似度(F)最大为0．9938,最小为0．9239,平均为0．9645。任意两个个体间的遗传距离(D)最大为0．0761,最小为0．0062,绝大多数为0．02000～0．0500;大弹涂鱼自然种群的平均杂合度(He)为0．2018,D平均值为0．0355;Shannon多样性指数(Ho)和Shannon多样性值(H)分别为5．918和0．0592。研究结果表明大弹涂鱼的遗传多样性水平比较低,应加强大弹涂鱼种质资源的保护。  相似文献   

First record of the Australian ascidian Eudistoma elongatum in northern New Zealand     

Peter J. Smith  Mike Page  Sean J. Handley  S. Margaret McVeagh  Merrick Ekins 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):347-355

A colonial ascidian was first reported by marine farmers in Houhora Harbour, Northland, New Zealand in early 2005 and subsequently found on oyster racks in Parengarenga Harbour and the Bay of Islands. The Northland ascidian was identified with a combination of morphological characters and DNA cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequence data, as Eudistoma elongatum, a species native to Australia, where it is found from northern New South Wales to Northern Queensland, and distinguished from Eudistoma circumvallatum, the only reported species in this genus from New Zealand. Ascidian larvae are weak dispersers and long distance dispersal of E. elongatum is likely to be enhanced by vectors such as oyster barges and/or movement of cultured oysters. In its native range, E. elongatum is restricted to areas with a minimum winter sea temperature of 16°C. Assuming similar biological limitations apply in New Zealand, the spread of E. elongatum might be restricted to northern New Zealand (north of latitude 37°S).  相似文献   

近海水体环境DNA沉降对沉积物中纤毛虫分子多样性评估的影响     

黄平平  赵峰  徐奎栋 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(3):602-612

在陆架海区沉积物中, DNA高通量测序技术可检获大量浮游寡毛类和舞毛类等非底栖纤毛虫,这些源于水体的环境DNA(eDNA)如何影响对沉积物中纤毛虫分子多样性的评估,以及影响程度如何尚不明确。本研究选取了黄海冷水团中的两个站位,通过提取水体和沉积物中DNA和RNA,并采用直接提取法和洗脱法提取沉积物DNA,结合DNA和cDNA测序技术,探讨了水体和沉积物中纤毛虫分子多样性的关系。研究表明,基于洗脱DNA法、直接提取DNA法和cDNA法获得的沉积物中纤毛虫OTUs数分别为451、312和324个,其中211个OTUs同时由三种方法检获;而164个OTUs仅通过洗脱DNA法检获,其中89%为相对丰度低于0.1%的稀有类群。直接提取DNA法所获的寡毛类和舞毛类序列数占比达46%,而在洗脱DNA法和cDNA法中占比仅为12%和10%。沉积物中检获的43%—71%的舞毛类和寡毛类OTUs与浅层水(40m)共有,仅19%—29%与深层水(40m)共有,且这些共有的OTUs可同时在浅层水中检获。本研究发现,对沉积物中纤毛虫分子多样性评价造成影响的浮游类群主要来自浅层水,洗脱DNA与cDNA测序均可显著降低浮游类群eDNA的影响。鉴于洗脱DNA法较之cDNA法操作更简便,且避免了反转录过程导致的偏差,因此推荐用于对近海沉积物中纤毛虫等真核微生物的分子多样性研究。  相似文献   

中国大陆近海菖鲉属鱼类新记录种——三色菖鲉(Sebastiscus tertius)的形态特征与DNA条形码研究     

贾程豪  高天翔  徐胜勇  宋娜 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(5):1214-1221

2018年4月在浙江省舟山近海海域的渔业资源调查中采集到19尾菖鲉属鱼类标本,经鉴定发现为三色菖鲉(Sebastiscus tertius),为中国大陆近海海域的新记录种。本研究对采集到的19尾三色菖鲉标本拍摄照片并对其进行形态特征以及DNA条形码研究。三色菖鲉具有以下主要形态特征:背鳍数ⅩⅡ-12,胸鳍数18—19,腹鳍数Ⅰ-5,臀鳍数Ⅲ-5;第一鳃弓总鳃耙数6—7+13—17;前鳃盖骨有5枚硬棘,鳃盖骨后沿有2枚硬棘;眶前骨下后角有1枚硬棘;胸鳍处有一明显黑斑。测定了19尾标本的12S rRNA和COI序列,结合GenBank中所有学名为Sebastiscus tertius的同源序列进行分析,发现12S rRNA序列完全一致,可作为该物种的微型DNA条形码,而COI序列中所有个体明显分为两个分支,两者遗传距离达到0.044,表明两分支可能为不同的有效种。COI同源序列分析结果显示, GenBank中学名为Sebastiscus tertius的鱼种与褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)聚为一支,表明GenBank中的Sebastiscus tertius存在错误鉴定的情况。  相似文献   

蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶1调控DNA损伤修复和细胞凋亡     

张一超  吴韦韦  李奥  刘宝华  庞秋香 《海洋科学》2020,44(3):146-152

蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶1 (protein arginine methyltransferases 1, PRMT1)是PRMT家族中的重要一员,属于Ⅰ型PRMTs,细胞内超过85%的蛋白质精氨酸的甲基化由其催化。PRMT1通过调节底物的甲基化水平,从而调控蛋白的功能及蛋白参与的细胞活动和生理过程,包括细胞信号转导,DNA损伤修复,转录调控,RNA代谢,蛋白质相互作用等。本文着重讨论PRMT1的结构、底物及其在DNA损伤修复和细胞凋亡中的功能。  相似文献   

West versus East Mediterranean Sea: origin and genetic differentiation of the sea cucumber Holothuria polii          下载免费PDF全文

Sara Valente  Ester A. Serrão  Mercedes González‐Wangüemert 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):485-495

We studied the genetic structure of the sea cucumber Holothuria (Roweothuria) polii (Delle Chiaje 1823) by analysing the mitochondrial DNA variation in two fragments of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S genes. Individuals were collected in seven locations along the Mediterranean Sea, which cover a wide range of the species distribution. We found high haplotype diversity for COI and moderate diversity for 16S, and low nucleotide diversity for both genes. Our results for the COI gene showed many recent and exclusive haplotypes with few mutational changes, suggesting recent or ongoing population expansion. The Western and Eastern Mediterranean populations exhibited slight but significant genetic differentiation (COI gene) with higher genetic diversity in the East. The most ancient haplotype was not present in the westernmost sampling location (SE Spain). The oldest expansion time was observed in Turkey, corresponding to mid‐Pleistocene. Turkey had also the highest genetic diversity (number of total and exclusive haplotypes, polymorphisms, haplotype and nucleotide diversity). This suggests that this region could be the origin of the subsequent colonizations through the Mediterranean Sea, a hypothesis that should be assessed with nuclear markers in future research.  相似文献   

不同提取缓冲液对红树林土壤DNA提取品质的影响     

蒋云霞  郑天凌 《热带海洋学报》2011,30(2)

针对1种典型的酸性、高有机质含量类型土壤-红树林土壤,从DNA产量、DNA纯度、土壤腐殖酸类物质的提取量以及DNA提取物PCR(polymerase chain reaction)扩增反应的敏感度等方面比较了不同提取缓冲液对土壤DNA品质的影响.结果表明,酸性SDS(sodium dodecyl sulfate)提取缓冲液所获得的土壤DNA产量及纯度均较低;PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone)提取缓冲液所获得的土壤DNA产量较高,但土壤腐殖酸类物质的提取量亦远高于其他提取缓冲液;酸性SDS提取缓冲液及PVP提取缓冲液所获得的土壤DNA提取物即使稀释到10-3量级亦不能获得目的基因PCR扩增条带.PVPP(polyvinylpolypyrrolidone)提取缓冲液及CTAB(cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide)+PVPP提取缓冲液所获得的土壤DNA产量较PVP提取缓冲液低,但其纯度较高,并且其纯度随提取缓冲液中PVPP浓度的升高而提高;当2%PVPP提取缓冲液及CTAB+PVPP提取缓冲液所获得的土壤DNA提取物分别稀释到10-2及10-1量级时,均能获得PCR扩增条带.综上所述,酸性提取缓冲液及PVP提取缓冲液不适用于酸性、高有机质含量类型土壤DNA的提取,而2%PVPP提取缓冲液及CTAB+PVPP提取缓冲液均能提高此类土壤DNA的提取品质.  相似文献